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- <text id=90TT3269>
- <title>
- Dec. 03, 1990: The Fish Tank On The Farm
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Dec. 03, 1990 The Lady Bows Out
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- FOOD, Page 107
- The Fish Tank On the Farm
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Make way for dwarf halibut, tunge sole and blue lobster
- </p>
- <p>By MARTHA DUFFY--Reported by Janice M. Horowitz/New York,
- with other bureaus
- </p>
- <p> Ernie had it all figured out. The cheeky Sesame Street cutup
- was out angling, but there were no tugs on the little Muppet's
- line. So he began to bellow, "Heeere, fishy, fishy, fishy," and
- sure enough, big plump ones began zooming into his rowboat with
- a satisfying aerodynamic whistle.
- </p>
- <p> That's the kind of supply-side magic that the fishing
- industry needs now. Much of the world's fresh- and saltwater
- harvest is endangered by pollution or depletion at a time when
- consumers--seeking greater variety and lower fat and
- cholesterol--are demanding more, more, more of practically
- everything. The solution--and the future--lies in
- aquaculture, already well established as a $5 billion-a-year
- industry burgeoning both as a business and a science. "There is
- no more growth in world fisheries, no more new native stocks to
- discover," says Ron Rogness, executive director of the National
- Aquaculture Council, based in Washington. "We're going to have
- to fill the void, and aquaculture is the best opportunity."
- </p>
- <p> If you choose rainbow trout from a menu, you are ordering
- a farmed fish. There are no more commercial freshwater trout
- fisheries in the U.S. More than half the fresh salmon served in
- restaurants and sold in stores in the U.S. has spent much of its
- life splashing in huge sea cages off the coast of Norway. The
- catfish du jour is probably a product of the $704 million
- industry centered in the Mississippi Delta and is a cosseted
- cousin of the wild redfish that was fished to near extinction
- in the '80s craze for Paul Prudhomme's cast-iron Cajun cuisine.
- The succulent oyster on its bed of ice could have been pampered
- like an orchid in Quilcene Bay on the Hood Canal in Washington,
- or in Tomales Bay near Marshall, Calif. The two fish that Jesus
- served to the multitude in the New Testament parable may well
- have been mild-flavored tilapia. The species is native to the
- Sea of Galilee, but it is now farmed in increasing numbers in
- Caldwell, Idaho, where a large potato-processing company feeds
- it the leftovers.
- </p>
- <p> More startling attempts to cater to the jaded palate are due
- in the next few years. Norwegian scientists are perfecting
- something called the tunge sole, a hybrid that grows fast,
- tastes like delicate Dover sole and has enormous commercial
- potential. At Maine's Darling Marine Center, specialists are
- breeding an electric-blue lobster (an extreme rarity in the
- wild) as a future food source. It also provides a brilliantly
- visible marker for checking on the success rate of hatcheries.
- </p>
- <p> Responding to American consumers' voracious appetite for
- fish, scientists are busy experimenting with halibut, one of the
- mysterious giants of the deep and a staple of the supermarket
- frozen-food section. In its ocean domain, this monster grows to
- 400 lbs. or more and cruises for up to 40 years. It is ugly too;
- during maturation the skull of the halibut twists, moving one
- eye to the opposite side and giving the beast--naturally
- enough--a grotesquely pained look. Well, its sufferings are
- over. Aquaculturists, again in Norway, have produced a dwarf
- version, at a mere 15 lbs., that takes only three years to reach
- market size, rather than the 10 required by the wild variety.
- </p>
- <p> Public acceptance of farmed fish has generally been good,
- in part because the busy shopper is more interested in freshness
- than provenance, and cultivation can virtually guarantee
- overnight delivery. Aquaculturists claim that their facilities
- have high hygienic standards, but whether wild or farmed, fish
- are not subject to continuous government inspection. About eight
- therapeutant drugs and some 30 other chemicals are allowed in
- the cultivation of fish, according to the U.S. Fish and
- Wildlife Service, and antibiotics are used extensively even in
- the genetic restructuring of some species. For instance, the
- triploid oyster, still in the experimental phase, is rendered
- sterile with antibiotics and thus does not go through an
- uneatable mating phase; it is harvestable all year. On the other
- hand, wild fish are vulnerable to parasites, PCBs and a host of
- other pollutants.
- </p>
- <p> If the outlook for aquaculture appears too good to be true,
- it should be noted that not everyone is a fervent convert. Among
- the holdouts is David Bouley, chef, specialist in French
- provincial cuisine and owner of Bouley in New York City, a
- four-star restaurant in most of the guides. No species brings
- out the temperament in a chef as salmon does. Bouley will not
- allow the Norwegian hothouse variety in his kitchen. "It cooks
- too fast and has a lingering aftertaste," he complains. "I
- couldn't even make stock from the carcass, because the bones
- have an oily taste." At Le Bernardin, considered by many to be
- New York City's best fish restaurant, chef Eberhard Mueller
- draws a somewhat finer distinction. "Wild salmon is much better
- for a marinade, as in gravlax. It also stays firmer and has
- great intensity of flavor." He adds, "Farm-raised salmon is a
- very good product and is easy to work with. I can give you an
- exact recipe, and it will turn out a certain way. Wild salmon
- takes a little more experience to cook right." Even Charlie
- Trotter of Trotter's Restaurant in Chicago, spokesman for the
- Norwegian Salmon Marketing Council, has a good word for the
- wild. "It has a dramatic flavor," he acknowledges.
- </p>
- <p> Considering the alternatives, chefs are nonetheless
- generally happy to use at least some farm products. Even Bouley
- buys some farmed oysters. At Manhattan's 21 Club, chef Michael
- Lomonaco is extravagant in praise of cultivated scallops, raised
- on Cape Cod--"beautiful, absolutely delicious." Al Falchi, who
- owns the Waterfront Restaurant in San Francisco, buys farmed
- fish because "you never know how long a wild fish has been
- sitting on the boat." Perhaps the last word should go to Paul
- Constantin of New Orleans, who has ridden the catfish wave at
- his nouvelle Creole restaurant, Constantin's. "Tourists come
- here to give different foods a shot," he observes. "Look, if
- they'll try raw oysters, they'll try anything!"
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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